High prevalence of Taenia saginata taeniasis and status of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Bali, Indonesia, 2002–2004

T Wandra,P Sutisna,N.S Dharmawan,S.S Margono,R Sudewi,T Suroso,P.S Craig,A Ito

doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.06.031

Abstract

An epidemiological survey of taeniasis/cysticercosis was carried out in one semi-urban and two urban villages in three districts of Bali, Indonesia in 2002 and 2004. In total, 398 local people from 247 families were diagnosed by anamnesis and clinical examinations, and 60 residents were suspected to be taeniasis carriers. Among 60 suspected carriers, 56 persons expelled a total of 61 taeniid adult worms after praziquantel treatment. From 398 residents, 252 stool samples were available for analysis of taeniid eggs, coproantigens or copro-DNA for identification of taeniid species, and 311 serum samples were available for detection of antibodies against Taenia solium cysticercosis. Taeniasis prevalences were highly variable among three villages (1.1-27.5%), and only one case of cysticercosis due to T. solium infection was detected. All expelled tapeworms were confirmed to be Taenia saginata by mtDNA analysis. There was no Taenia asiatica human case in Bali. Case control analysis of 106 families chosen at random from 179 families in 2004 and another 106 families from non-endemic areas revealed that risk factors of T. saginata taeniasis for families were: level of education (P<0.01); consumption of beef lawar (P<0.01); and the source of lawar (P<0.01).

Highlights

The present paper indicates a resurgence of T. saginata taeniasis related to consumption of local raw beef dish through inadequate inspection of meat and food hygiene, and reports on the present situation of T. solium cysticercosis in Bali
A total of 60 persons among 398 local people in three villages of three districts in Bali were suspected to be T. saginata taeniasis cases by QRDP and 56 taeniasis cases were confirmed after treatment
A total of 15 from 252 stool samples (5.95%) were positive by direct smears, whereas only 82 faecal samples were available for copro-Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), since the volume of some fecal samples were too small and no more samples were available for copro-ELISA after direct smear tests

Summary

Introduction

In Indonesia, there are three known endemic provinces for taeniasis/cysticercosis: Bali, Irian Jaya (Papua) and North Sumatra (Handali et al, 1997; Simanjuntak et al, 1997; Wandra et al, 2000, 2003; Margono et al, 2001; Ito et al, 2002, 2003, 2004). Sulawesi in 1981 (Simanjuntak et al, 1997; Margono et al, 2004). Cases with taeniasis and/or cysticercosis have been reported from Jakarta, West Kalimantan, East. After 32 years, one case of subcutaneous cysticercosis (SCC) in a Balinese woman was reported (quoted from Sutisna, 1989, 2002; Margono et al, 2004). There are several reports on T. solium taeniasis, epileptic seizures, SCC, neurocysticercosis (NCC), and seroprevalence of cysticercosis in Bali (Ngoerah, 1975; Sutisna, 1989, 1990, 2002; Sutisna et al, 1999, 2000; Margono et al, 2001, 2004)

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Conclusion