High Prevalence of Sarcopenia in HIV-Infected Individuals.

Patricia Echeverría,Bonaventura Clotet,Anna Bonjoch,Carla Estany,Eugenia Negredo,Arelly Ornelas,Jordi Puig

doi:10.1155/2018/5074923

Abstract

Background Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome that leads to a loss of functionality and mortality. Methods We assessed the prevalence of sarcopenia in HIV-infected patients attended in our HIV Unit who had at least two DXA scans from 2000 to 2016 (1,720 DXA scans from 860 individuals). Sarcopenia was determinate according to appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASM) calculated as the ratio between skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) by DXA and height2 (kg/m2). We stratified patients by gender and age (<40, 41-50, and >50 years) and according to the interval between DXAs (≤3, 3-7, 7-10, >10 years). The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 19. Results Median (IQR) age was 52 (47; 57) years, and 76% were male. The median (IQR) time with HIV infection was 8 (3; 15) years. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 25.7% (95% CI, 22.8-28.7), more prevalent in those aged >50 years (27.8%). Stratifying by gender, 43% of women aged >50 years presented sarcopenia compared with 8.8% of men. The frequency of sarcopenia increased from 37.6% to 49.4% when interval between DXA was 7-10 years (n=109), significantly higher in women than in men (p=0.016). In addition to the traditional risk factors, time with HIV infection was associated with sarcopenia [RR 1.780 (95% CI, 1.314-2.411), p=0.001]. Conclusion The prevalence and progression of sarcopenia in HIV-infected patients were high, mainly among women. Further studies are necessary to assess the best approaches to prevent this condition and its consequences.

Highlights

The enormous advances in antiretroviral treatment in the last two decades have made infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in developed countries to be considered a chronic disease
Considering the high relevance of sarcopenia in elderly people, this study aims to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and its progression in a cohort of HIV-1-infected subjects
The prevalence of sarcopenia overall was 25.7% (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

The enormous advances in antiretroviral treatment in the last two decades have made infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in developed countries to be considered a chronic disease. As a consequence of the improvement in survival, the prevalence of comorbidities is increasing, as shown by data from large observational cohorts of HIV-infected patients [1,2,3]. We stratified patients by gender and age (50 years) and according to the interval between DXAs (≤3, 3-7, 7-10, >10 years). The median (IQR) time with HIV infection was 8 (3; 15) years. Stratifying by gender, 43% of women aged >50 years presented sarcopenia compared with 8.8% of men. The frequency of sarcopenia increased from 37.6% to 49.4% when interval between DXA was 7-10 years (n=109), significantly higher in women than in men (p=0.016). The prevalence and progression of sarcopenia in HIV-infected patients were high, mainly among women. Further studies are necessary to assess the best approaches to prevent this condition and its consequences

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Conclusion