Abstract
Periodontal disease is a common, multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the gums and tooth-supporting apparatus, associated with loss of teeth, systemic inflammation and increased mortality.1 Various factors may contribute to the development of periodontal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including altered immune system function, CKD mineral and bone disease, oral dysbiosis, poor oral hygiene, and the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes; some have suggested that periodontal disease may itself be a risk factor for progression of CKD.
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