Abstract
ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of HIV, HCV, HBV and co-infection with 2 or 3 viruses and evaluate risk factors among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Yunnan province, China.Methods2080 IDUs were recruited from 5 regions of Yunnan Province, China to detect the infection status of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors related to HIV, HCV and HBV infections.ResultsThe infection rates among all participants were 25.5% for HIV, 77.7% for HCV, 19.2% for HBV, 15% for HIV/HCV, 0.3% for HIV/HBV, 7.8% for HCV/HBV and 7.1% for HIV/HCV/HBV. The prevalence of virus infection varied widely by region in Yunnan of China. Statistical analyses indicated that high prevalence of HIV and HCV among IDUs was positively associated with the duration of drug injection and sharing needles/syringes; besides, HCV infection was associated with the frequency of drug injection.ConclusionsHIV, HCV, HBV infections and co-infections were still very prevalent among IDUs in Yunnan province because of drug use behaviors.
Highlights
Yunnan is one of the provinces hardest hit by HIV epidemic in China, since the first large HIV outbreak occurred in 1989 among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Dehong prefecture [1,2,3,4]
The results indicated that risk factors, such as long time of drug injection ($5 years), frequent injecting drug and needles/ syringes sharing as well as STD, were significantly associated with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (p,0.001 or p = 0.003), but we didn’t find any drug use and sexual behaviors in our study might be risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (Table 3)
It is well known that designing an effective management to control the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV among IDUs is a great challenge for health authorities
Summary
Yunnan is one of the provinces hardest hit by HIV epidemic in China, since the first large HIV outbreak occurred in 1989 among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Dehong prefecture [1,2,3,4]. The data showed that HIV in Yunnan has primarily spread through intravenous drug use with a high annual incidence rate of 2.2%–8.0% [7], and the provincial average prevalence among IDUs fluctuated between 21.2% and 27.8% through 2004 [3]. Sentinel surveillance data in 2004 indicated that HIV prevalence among IDUs was 60.4% in Kaiyuan city, 41% in Yingjiang county, 21.5% in Qujing prefecture, 4.6% in Zhaotong prefecture and 2.9% in Baoshan prefecture [9]. These ratios reported recently still reveal uneven prevalence in different regions. From 1992 to 2009, 3591 IDUs were tested for HIV and the average infection rate was 3.15% in Baoshan [11]
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