High prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infections and coinfection with hepatitis virus in riverside villages in northeast China

Yanhang Gao,Chang Jiang,Xia Zhang ,Liting Luo,Qi Yan,Ying Xü ,Ge Yu,Shijuan Sun,Jinming Zhao ,Yingyu Zhang,Xiaomei Wang,Yu Pan,Weige Qu,Adila Yakepu,Yan Wang ,Ruihong Wu,Hongtao Ma ,Lei Hang,Li‐Li Liu ,Hao Xu ,Tong Zhang,Xiuzhu Gao,Yixiao Zhi,Fei Peng,Xu Liu,Feiyu Zhang,Ying Shi,Jing Meng,Xin Yin,Yazhe Guan,Xiaowen Liu,Xiumei Chi,Yanqing Li ,Tianqi Ren,Junqi Niu

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68684-x

Yanhang Gao, Chang Jiang + Show 33 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68684-x

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Abstract

In China, the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infections is only evaluated at the provincial level by national sampling surveys, and data from villages and counties are still lacking. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in 10 villages located along the Lalin River in northeast China. Clonorchiasis was diagnosed using a modified Kato–Katz method that detects the C. sinensis egg in stools. A total of 3,068 persons were screened and 2,911 were recruited for the study. Overall, the prevalence of C. sinensis infection was 29.3%. Among 175 participants who were cured after antiparasitic treatment, 54 (30.86%) were re-infected in this survey. After calibration of potential confounders, male gender, occupation as a farmer, smoking, and occasionally or frequently eating raw fish were independent risk factors for C. sinensis infection. The results of laboratory examinations in the C. sinensis/hepatitis B or C virus co-infection group were similar to those in the hepatitis B or C virus mono-infection groups. In conclusion, C. sinensis is highly endemic in villages along the Lalin River, and the primary route of infection is the consumption of raw freshwater fish. Co-infection with C. sinensis did't aggravate the clinical manifestations of viral hepatitis in this cross-sectional study.

Highlights

Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite that has infected approximately 15 million people worldwide; countries in eastern and Southeast Asia, including China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, account for a large proportion of infections[1,2,3,4]
The prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infections is only evaluated at the provincial level by national sampling surveys in China, and data from villages and counties are still lacking
The prevalence of C. sinensis infection in riverside villages in Fuyu City was 29.3%, which is tenfold higher than the prevalence of C. sinensis infection in the known endemic areas of China (2.4%)[8]

Summary

Introduction

Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite that has infected approximately 15 million people worldwide; countries in eastern and Southeast Asia, including China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam, account for a large proportion of infections[1,2,3,4]. The prevalence increased to 0.58% in the second national parasite investigation, which included 31 P/M/As from 2001 to 20048 Another special clonorchiasis investigation in 27 endemic P/M/As was conducted during the years 2001–2004 and showed that the prevalence was 2.40%, with 12.49 million people infected[8,9]. HBV, HCV and C. sinensis target the same organ, but little is known about whether co-infection can aggravate symptoms, and current data regarding whether there is any association between co-infection and hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiocarcinomas are limited. This cross-sectional study obtained baseline data for our long-term follow-up observation in areas highly endemic for C. sinensis. We look forward to clarifying the impact of hepatitis virus on the occurrence and development of cholangiocarcinoma in a long-term follow-up study

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