Abstract
ObjectivesTo estimate the current prevalence of bone marrow involvement in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients diagnosed at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients, diagnosed between 2015 and 2021 at KKUH. We retrospectively collected clinical and pathological information from all adult patients aged 18 years or older with a diagnosis of HL. Survival analyses were performed using the log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier curves.ResultsThe study included 140 patients, 60 (42.86%) of whom were female. Bone marrow involvement was seen in 15 (10.71%) patients, 58 (41.43%) patients had an advanced-stage disease, and 20 (14.29%) patients had gastrointestinal involvement. Patients with bone marrow involvement had a median survival of 71 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 16.7-125.3) compared to patients without bone marrow involvement who had a median survival of 68 months (95% CI: 50.7-85.3).ConclusionThe prevalence of bone marrow involvement in HL patients, as well as the proportion of patients presenting with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, was higher compared to Western data. This could be attributed to a delay in diagnosis or more aggressive disease biology.
Highlights
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a lymphoid tumor derived from B-lymphocytes, histologically characterized by the presence of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells
Patients with bone marrow involvement had a median survival of 71 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 16.7-125.3) compared to patients without bone marrow involvement who had a median survival of 68 months
The bone marrow (BM) is a major site of lymphomatous cell aggregation; BM evaluation is an important part of HL staging
Summary
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a lymphoid tumor derived from B-lymphocytes, histologically characterized by the presence of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. It usually spreads to adjacent nodal sites but rarely affects other tissues. Examples of extra-nodal sites include the lungs, liver, and bone or bone marrow (BM) [1]. The BM is a major site of lymphomatous cell aggregation; BM evaluation is an important part of HL staging. Ann-Arbor staging, which is commonly used in lymphoma, considers BM involvement a high disease stage (stage IV) [2,3,4]. According to Vassilakopoulos et al, upstaging of HL after BM studies showed therapeutic and prognostic significance [5]
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