Abstract
ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of abdominal obesity including intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adiposity along with other cardiometabolic risk factors in urban Asian Indians living in New Delhi.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological descriptive study with 459 subjects (217 males and 242 females), representing all socio-economic strata in New Delhi. The anthropometric profile [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and skinfold thickness], fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile were recorded. Percent body fat (%BF), total abdominal fat (TAF), intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAT) were quantified using predictive equations for Asian Indians.ResultsThe overall prevalence of obesity was high [by BMI (>25 kg/m2), 50.1%]. The prevalence of abdominal obesity (as assessed by WC) was 68.9%, while that assessed by TAF was 70.8%. Increased IAAT was significantly higher in females (80.6%) as compared to males (56.7%) (p = 0.00) with overall prevalence being 69.3%. The overall prevalence of high SCAT was 67.8%, more in males (69.1%) vs. females (66.5%, p = 0.5). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and hypertension was 8.5%, 45.3% and 29.2%, respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and low levels of HDL-c were prevalent in 42.7%, 26.6% and 37% of the subjects, respectively. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly higher in males (p = 0.007); however, low levels of HDL-c were more prevalent in females as compared to males (p = 0.00).ConclusionHigh prevalence of generalized obesity, abdominal obesity (by measurement of WC, TAF, IAAT and SCAT) and dysmetabolic state in urban Asian Indians in north India need immediate public health intervention.
Highlights
Obesity is an increasingly important health problem worldwide including the developing countries like India [1]
More than 80% of total body fat is distributed in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and 10–20% within visceral/intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) in adults [3]
Asian Indians exhibit unique features of obesity; excess body fat, abdominal adiposity, increased SCAT, IAAT, and deposition of fat in ectopic sites, [5] that may be responsible for high tendency to develop insulin resistance and dysmetabolic state
Summary
Obesity is an increasingly important health problem worldwide including the developing countries like India [1]. Abdominal obesity, and co-morbidities are increasingly prevalent among urban Indians [1]. Abdominal obesity, is considered important for development of insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease [2]. More than 80% of total body fat is distributed in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and 10–20% within visceral/intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) in adults [3]. The two major abdominal adipose tissue depots: IAAT and SCAT have been investigated in relation to metabolic perturbations [4]. Asian Indians exhibit unique features of obesity; excess body fat, abdominal adiposity, increased SCAT, IAAT, and deposition of fat in ectopic sites (liver, muscle, etc), [5] that may be responsible for high tendency to develop insulin resistance and dysmetabolic state
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