Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)-based system for simultaneously delivering ultra-stable optical frequency reference, 10 GHz microwave frequency reference, and a one pulse per second (1 PPS) time signal via a 50 km fiber network. For each signal, a unique noise cancellation technique is used to maintain their precision. After being compensated, the transfer frequency instability in terms of the overlapping Allan deviation (OADEV) for the optical frequency achieves 2 × 10−17/s and scales down to 2 × 10−20/10,000 s, which for the 10 GHz microwave reference, approaches 4 × 10−15/s and decreases to 1.4 × 10−17/10,000 s, and the time uncertainty of the 1 PPS time signal along the system is 2.08 ps. In this scheme, specific channels of WDM are, respectively, occupied for different signals to avoid the possible crosstalk interference effect between the transmitted reference signals. To estimate the performance of the above scheme, which is also demonstrated in this 50 km link independent of these signals, the results are similar to that in the case of simultaneous delivery. This work shows that the WDM-based system is a promising method for building a nationwide time and frequency fiber transfer system with a communication optical network.
Highlights
With the rapid development of the modern timescales and frequency domain, the frequency instability of the state-of-the-art optical lattice clocks has achieved the 10−19 level, and 10−16 has been demonstrated for the cesium fountain [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
We present a simultaneous transfer of the optical frequency, 10 GHz microwave frequency, and 1 ps for one pulse per second (1 PPS) time signal via a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)-based fiber link
To evaluate the performance of this WDM-based time and frequency transfer system, the results are performed in three parts: the optical frequency transfer, the 1 PPS time signal transmission, and the 10 GHz microwave frequency transfer
Summary
With the rapid development of the modern timescales and frequency domain, the frequency instability of the state-of-the-art optical lattice clocks has achieved the 10−19 level, and 10−16 has been demonstrated for the cesium fountain [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. The ultra-precision timescale and frequency signal are affirmatively derived from cumbersome and expensive systems, which are normally placed at national metrology institutes or universities. The status causes a strong motivation to develop effective dissemination systems for distributing these super-precise time and frequency signals. The optical fiber is regrading as an ideal transmission medium because of its advantages of low power attenuation, high reliability, lower cost, and large communication capacity, which has been fleetly and widely deployed for time and frequency transfer [14,15,16,17]. With it, various transmission techniques for the above-mentioned metrological time and frequency signal are rapidly developing alternatives. To cancel the so-called Doppler noise, the active noise cancellation scheme was first proposed and implemented by Ma et al
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