Abstract
In this paper, a high-precision image authentication scheme for absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC)-compressed images is presented. For each block, two sub-bitmaps are conducted using the symmetrical separation, and the six-bit authentication code is symmetrically assigned to two sub-codes, which is virtually embedded into sub-bitmaps using the matrix encoding later. To overcome distortion caused by modifications to the bitmap, the corresponding to-be-flipped bit-location information is recorded instead of flipping these bits of the bitmap directly. Then, the bit-location information is inserted into quantization levels based on adjusted quantization level matching. In contrast to previous studies, the proposed scheme offers a significantly improved tampering detection ability, especially in the first hierarchical tampering detection without remediation measures, with an average tampering detection rate of up to 98.55%. Experimental results show that our approach provides a more stable and reliable tampering detection performance and sustains an acceptable visual quality.
Highlights
As engineering technology has rapidly developed, the performance of computers has become increasingly stronger in terms of computing ability, storage capacity, etc
This paper proposes a novel image authentication scheme that protects the integrity of both absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) compression codes and AMBTC-compressed images
Several attacks were employed to test the performance of our proposed scheme on tampering detection, including cropping attack, constant average attack, collage attack, and AMBTC compression codes’ attack
Summary
As engineering technology has rapidly developed, the performance of computers has become increasingly stronger in terms of computing ability, storage capacity, etc. The same year, Hong et al [31] proposed two image authentication schemes, i.e., LSBP and MSBP, for tampering detection for AMBTC compression codes For each block, their schemes can embed an (a + b)-bit authentication code generated from the bitmap and quantization levels’ MSBs. LSBP is a strategy that embeds the a-bit authentication code into a high quantization level and the b-bit authentication code into a low quantization level using LSBs replacement. Most of them employ a second hierarchical tampering detection strategy, such as neighborhood elimination, to improve the tampering detection rate To overcome those problems, this paper proposes a novel image authentication scheme that protects the integrity of both AMBTC compression codes and AMBTC-compressed images. Our approach achieves a higher tampering detection rate in the first hierarchical tampering detection round without a remediation mechanism and sustains acceptable visual quality
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