Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium batteries have attracted considerable attention because of their potential high energy density and low cost. However, their development has been severely hindered because of the lack of appropriate cathode materials. Here we report a rechargeable magnesium/iodine battery, in which the soluble iodine reacts with Mg2+ to form a soluble intermediate and then an insoluble final product magnesium iodide. The liquid–solid two-phase reaction pathway circumvents solid-state Mg2+ diffusion and ensures a large interfacial reaction area, leading to fast reaction kinetics and high reaction reversibility. As a result, the rechargeable magnesium/iodine battery shows a better rate capability (180 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and 140 mAh g−1 at 1 C) and a higher energy density (∼400 Wh kg−1) than all other reported rechargeable magnesium batteries using intercalation cathodes. This study demonstrates that the liquid–solid two-phase reaction mechanism is promising in addressing the kinetic limitation of rechargeable magnesium batteries.
Highlights
Rechargeable magnesium batteries have attracted considerable attention because of their potential high energy density and low cost
Because of the electronic insulating nature of I2, it was intentionally impregnated into the pores of active carbon cloth (ACC) through a melt-diffusion method to enhance its electron access following previous reported method[19,20]
The first discharge shows a capacity of B310 mAh g À 1, corresponding to an I2 utilization of B94.7%, excluding the contribution from the ACC
Summary
Rechargeable magnesium batteries have attracted considerable attention because of their potential high energy density and low cost. A typical discharge/charge curve of the Mg/I2 cell in 0.5 M Mg-HMDS electrolyte is shown in Supplementary Fig. 5. The first discharge shows a capacity of B310 mAh g À 1, corresponding to an I2 utilization of B94.7%, excluding the contribution from the ACC (the charge/discharge curve of a blank ACC is shown in Supplementary Fig. 6).
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