High Power Microwaves: Strategic and Operational Implications for Warfare

Abstract

Abstract : The military has long exploited the electromagnetic frequency spectrum, first with wireless communications in the late 1800's, and then with the discovery of radar in the 1930's. These technologies quickly evolved into many applications in the military, including advanced early warning, detection, and weapon fire control. Scientists and engineers continued to investigate the frequency spectrum to increase power levels and to develop additional applications. The term was once relegated to science fiction. It would be difficult to find a science fiction novel or movie that does not address directed energy weapons. But is now a scientific fact of life with laser pointers, pagers, fax machines, and supermarket checkout scanners. However, one area of the directed energy spectrum that has received significantly less attention and support is high power microwave technology. In view of the relative paucity of knowledge about microwaves within the Department of Defense, this study examines the role of high power microwave technology and its applications for the defense establishment. In recent years, the modern battlefield has become a target rich environment for high power microwave weapons. Except for the standard rifle, gun, knife, or grenade, virtually all military equipment contains some electronics. For example, in the Gulf War, the average squad or platoon of soldiers had numerous devices, ranging from radios to Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, which they used to provide communication and information about the battlefield.