Abstract
HighlightsThis work starts the research of pseudocapacitive oxide materials for multivalent Zn2+ storage.The constructed RuO2·H2O||Zn systems exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance, including a high discharge capacity, ultrafast charge/discharge capability, and excellent cycling stability.The redox pseudocapacitive behavior of RuO2·H2O for Zn2+ storage is revealed.
Highlights
Novel energy storage systems with the merits of high safety, fast charge–discharge capability, and high energy density are highly demanded with the rapid development of electric vehicles and customer electronics
The high ionic conductivity of aqueous electrolytes such as Z nSO4 solutions in zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) and zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZICs) is beneficial for achieving high power output
Several cathode materials have been developed for ZIBs and ZICs, including manganese oxides, vanadium oxides, Prussian blue analogs, conductive polymers, and carbon materials. Zn2+ insertion/extraction in manganese oxides, especially tunnel-structured MnO2, creates high specific capacities
Summary
Novel energy storage systems with the merits of high safety, fast charge–discharge capability, and high energy density are highly demanded with the rapid development of electric vehicles and customer electronics. Several cathode materials have been developed for ZIBs and ZICs, including manganese oxides, vanadium oxides, Prussian blue analogs, conductive polymers, and carbon materials. Most of the Prussian blue analogs show low capacities of about 50 mAh g−1 when used as cathode materials for ZIBs [23,24,25,26]. Conductive polymers (e.g., polyaniline and polypyrrole) and carbon materials (e.g., activated carbon, denoted as “AC”) generally have a Z n2+-storage capacity of 100–150 mAh g −1 and better rate performance compared to manganese oxides [11, 27,28,29,30], their low density of about 0.3–1 mg cm−2 is unfavorable for the volumetric energy density of corresponding batteries. The constructed RuO2·H2O||Zn ZICs can reversibly store Zn2+ in a voltage window of 0.4–1.6 V (vs. Zn/Zn2+), delivering a capacity of about 122 mAh g−1, an excellent rate capability and an ultralong cycle life exceeding 10,000 cycles
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