High performance Reversed-Phase Thin-Layer Chromatography-Desorption electrospray ionisation - time of flight high resolution mass spectrometric detection and imaging (HPTLC/DESI/ToFMS) of phytoecdysteroids

Abstract

Reversed-phase high performance thin-layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC) on C18 bonded silica gel was combined with desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry (HRToFMS) to detect, characterize and image (MSI) phytoecdysteroids (plant-derived insect moulting hormones) in ethanolic extracts of members of the Silene plant family. As seen previously for silica gel, DESI provided a simple and convenient method for recovering polar polyhydoxysteroids from RP-HPTLC plates for the purposes of both the MS and MSI of extracts obtained from three species of the Silene family (Silene otites, S. nutans and S. viridiflora). Using RP-HPTLC/DESI/MSI/HRToFMS a number of ecdysteroids, including 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine-B, 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone and 2-deoxyecdysone were identified in these extracts. Differences were noted in the mass spectra obtained depending upon both the stationary phase on which they were separated, and the temperatures used in the heated transfer line used for introduction into the ion source. Ecdysteroids detected after chromatography on C18 bonded silica showed increased fragmentation due to water loss compared to those imaged from silica. In addition, the benefits of the additional resolution provided by 2-dimensional TLC for increasing spectral quality compared to a 1-dimensional separation are demonstrated.