Abstract
Relaxor-based ferroelectric single crystals Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) have drawn much attention in the ferroelectric field because of their excellent piezoelectric properties and high electromechanical coupling coefficients (d33∼2000 pC/N, kt∼60%) near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). Ternary Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) single crystals also possess outstanding performance comparable with PMN-PT single crystals, but have higher phase transition temperatures (rhombohedral to tetragonal Trt, and tetragonal to cubic Tc) and larger coercive field Ec. Therefore, these relaxor-based single crystals have been extensively employed for ultrasonic transducer applications. In this paper, an overview of our work and perspectives on using PMN-PT and PIN-PMN-PT single crystals for ultrasonic transducer applications is presented. Various types of single-element ultrasonic transducers, including endoscopic transducers, intravascular transducers, high-frequency and high-temperature transducers fabricated using the PMN-PT and PIN-PMN-PT crystals and their 2-2 and 1-3 composites are reported. Besides, the fabrication and characterization of the array transducers, such as phased array, cylindrical shaped linear array, high-temperature linear array, radial endoscopic array, and annular array, are also addressed.
Highlights
Most humans can hear sound in the 20 Hz to 20 kHz frequency range
Recent developments in the field of single-element and array transducers based on PMN-PT, PIN-PMN-PT single crystals and their 1-3 composites have been reviewed and summarized
Single-element endoscopic and intravascular ultrasonic (IVUS) ultrasonic imaging catheters with good performance based on PMN-PT single crystals were described
Summary
Most humans can hear sound in the 20 Hz to 20 kHz frequency range. The sound waves with frequencies higher than 20 kHz are termed ultrasound. Based on the outstanding performance of relaxor-based single crystals, devices with superior properties have been developed, such as electromechanical devices [17,18,19], piezoelectric transformers [20], and ultrasonic transducers [21,22,23,24]. These single crystals have been used as promising candidates for medical imaging applications [23,25,26]. Various types of ultrasonic transducers we have fabricated using PMN-PT and PIN-PMN-PT single crystals are reviewed and summarized
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