Abstract
Red mud (RM) is a solid waste generated in the aluminum industry after the extraction of alumina oxide; its multiple elements and higher pH value likely pose a severe threat to the environment after treatment. However, RM's higher concentrations of metal components, particularly Fe2O3 and rare earth elements (REEs), render RM promising for catalytic application. Hence, this work showed an efficient high-speed RM to catalyze electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia reduction reaction (NARR). RM calcined at 500 °C (RM-500) exhibited excellent catalytic performance. Faradaic efficiency of ammonia (FENH3) in an electrolyte solution containing 1 mol/L NO3− achieved a maximum value of 92.3% at −0.8 V (vs. RHE). Additionally, 24-hour cycle testing and post-reaction PXRD and SEM indicated that the RM-500 electrocatalyst is stable during NARR. The RM-500 demonstrated a high FE of NH3-to-NO3− of 89.7% at 1.85 V (vs. RHE), showing great potential in the ammonia fuel cells technology and achieving the nitrogen cycle.
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