Abstract
With 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) as the solvent, the biodegradable gel polymer electrolyte films are prepared based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI), and 1-ethyl-3 methylimidazoliumbis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI) by means of solution casting. The films are characterized to evaluate their structural and electrochemical performance. The 60PVA-40LiTFSI + 10 wt.% EMITFSI system exhibits excellent mechanical properties and a high ionic transference number (0.995), indicating primary ionic conduction in the film. In addition, because of the flexibility of polymer chain segments, its relaxation time is as low as 5.30 × 10−7 s. Accordingly, a high ionic conductivity (3.6 × 10−3 S cm−1) and a wide electrochemical stability window (~5 V) are obtained. The electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) based on this electrolyte system shows a specific capacitance of 101 F g−1 and an energy density of 10.3 W h kg−1, even after 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 0.4 A g−1 under a charging voltage of 2 V. All these excellent properties imply that the NMP-soluble 60PVA-40LiTFSI + 10 wt.% EMITFSI gel polymer electrolyte could be a promising electrolyte candidate for electrochemical device applications.
Highlights
Nowadays, electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are one of the main types of energy storage device for sustainable development due to their advantages, such as shorter charge and discharge time, long cycle lifetime, and high power density [1,2,3,4]
The aim of the present work is to use a biodegradable polymer to prepare gel polymer electrolyte films with high ionic conductivity and fantastic mechanical properties, which fulfill the requirements of global energy and the environment
This study focused mainly on the effect of various amounts of lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) or ethyl-3 methylimidazoliumbis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMITFSI) on the structural, electrical, and electrochemical performance of the NMP-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-LiTFSI-EMITFSI polymer electrolyte films
Summary
Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are one of the main types of energy storage device for sustainable development due to their advantages, such as shorter charge and discharge time, long cycle lifetime, and high power density [1,2,3,4]. Liquid electrolytes are employed in the fabrication of these devices. Gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) films composed of a polymer matrix, salt, and plasticizer have received considerable attention owing to their fantastic performance, such as high safety, perfect flexibility, and high ionic conductivity [6]. They are capable of replacing both the liquid electrolyte and separator in batteries or supercapacitors [7,8]. The reported polymer matrices of the GPE mainly include poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Polymers 2018, 10, 1179; doi:10.3390/polym10111179 www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers
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