High-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators based on Cs2Ag0.3Na0.7InCl6 double perovskites with high polarity induced by Zr/Te codoping

Abstract

Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), which operate based on mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion, have been widely explored for exciting applications in modern devices such as wearable electronics, self-powered sensors, and energy harvesters. Herein, we report on high-performance PENGs based on Cs2Ag0.3Na0.7InCl6 double perovskite (CDP) within a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix, which exhibit enhanced polarity due to rationally designed Zr/Te codoping. As a proof of concept, the resultant PENGs based on Zr/Te codoped CDP@PVDF deliver an excellent piezoelectric output, with a maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density of 67 V and 18 μA·cm−2. This level of performance is ∼19 and ∼12 times higher than PVDF-based PENGs with no CDP, and ∼2 and ∼4 times higher than CDP@PVDF-based PENGs without doping or with single Te doping, and ∼1 and ∼2 times higher than CDP@PVDF-based PENGs with single Zr doping, respectively. Moreover, the as-assembled PENGs exhibit impressive potential in wearable energy harvesters, motion sensors, and DC-power devices with robust stability, underscoring their bright future toward practical applications.