Abstract
Highly crystalline “zero-strain” Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) has great potential as an alternative material for the anodes in a lithium ion battery. In this research, highly crystalline LTO with impressive electrochemical characteristics was synthesized via a salt-assisted solid-state reaction using TiO2, LiOH, and various amounts of NaCl as a salt additive. The LTO particles exhibited a cubic spinel structure with homogenous micron-sized particles. The highest initial specific discharge capacity of LTO was 141.04 mAh/g with 4 wt % NaCl addition, which was tested in a full-cell (LTO/LiFePO4) battery. The battery cell showed self-recovery ability during the cycling test at 10 C-rate, which can extend the cycle life of the cell. The salt-assisted process affected the crystallinity of the LTO particles, which has a favorable effect on its electrochemical performance as anodes.
Highlights
Lithium titanate (Li4 Ti5 O12 ), which is usually referred to as LTO, has become a promising candidate for anode material that could substitute for carbon
We proposed a systematic synthesis of highly crystalline LTO using a salt-assisted, solid-state reaction to increase the crystallinity and improve the specific discharge capacities of LiFePO4 (LFP)/LTO battery electrochemical performance
Analysis of LTOthe structural properties of LTO materials samples obtained via the salt-assisted solid state method, the material was characterized using XRD
Summary
Lithium titanate (Li4 Ti5 O12 ), which is usually referred to as LTO, has become a promising candidate for anode material that could substitute for carbon. We proposed a systematic synthesis of highly crystalline LTO using a salt-assisted, solid-state reaction (various additions of NaCl) to increase the crystallinity and improve the specific discharge capacities of LiFePO4 (LFP)/LTO battery electrochemical performance. An LFP/LTO battery was selected as the cell design because it is known for its fast charging feature, superior rate ability, and cyclability at high rates. Since it has zero cobalt, it is thermally stable with phenomenal safety features that are crucial and applicable for electric vehicle applications [40,41,42]
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