Abstract
High specific energy olivine LiMn1-x Fe x PO4/C (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) nanoparticles have been synthesized in 20 min at extremely low temperature 160 °C by microwave-solvothermal method. The obtained cathode materials are orthorhombic solid solutions with size of 30–100 nm. Electrochemical test shows that Fe substitution could significantly increase the initial specific capacity and specific energy, as well as cycling performance and rate capability. LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C exhibits the best reversible specific discharge capacity of 165.9 mA h g−1 and specific discharge energy of 643.1 W h kg−1 at 0.1 C. Its discharge capacity remains 95.7% of its initial value of 129.0 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.5 C. According to the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis, the performance improvement is mainly attributed to the enhancement of Li+ diffusion coefficient (D Li) by Fe substitution. D Li is 4.43 × 10−14 and 1.34 × 10−12 cm2 s−1 for LiMnPO4/C and LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4/C, respectively.
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