High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods for the Specific Monitoring of Nickel and Vanadium in Municipal Air at the Nanogram per Cubic Meter Levels

Abstract

In order to develop the municipal air surveillance systems, Ni and V in airborne particulates, which are emitted by combustion of fossil fuel, can be employed as suitable index species. The ultra-trace determinations of these elements down to subnanograms per cubic meter of air in airborne particulate matrices have been successfully achieved with a coupled scheme of reversed-phase liquid chroma tography and a spectrophotometric detection. The precolumn (off-line) chelation reagents, aroylhydrazones having O,N,O and N,N,O donor sets are appropriate to V and Ni, respectively, in terms of the specificity for these ions, which assures extraordinary suitability to the airborne particulate matrices being free from the interferences notably by Al and Fe. The detection limits (3 σ basis) of the methods reach down to 10 pg for V and 30 pg for Ni in 0.1-mL injections. The monitoring data of these elements in air samples collected in Sendai City, Japan, are reported. Even in less polluted air, V is accurately detected in the range of 1.5−3.5 ng/m3 with a short sampling period for only 24 h (ca. 30 m3 air). The very low detection limit of 0.3 ng of V/m3 is demonstrated for the continuous monitoring with such small sampling volume.