Abstract
Rutin is quercetin heteroside widely present in plants that exhibit many health-beneficial effects, such as strengthening the capillary walls, reducing the harmful effects of LDL cholesterol, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Rutin was determined from three <i>Allium</i> species (<i>A. cepa</i>, <i>A. sativum</i>, and <i>A. ursinum</i>) collected in Bosnia and Herzegovina by the HPLC method associated with electrochemical detection. The analysis was performed from methanol extracts of bulb and leaf of garlic, bulb and leaf of onion, and leaves of wood garlic. Rutin was present in all of the examined samples. The highest rutin content was found in garlic leaves (0.78 ± 0.09 mg g<sup>–1</sup>), and the lowest in onion bulbs (0.04 ± 0.10 mg g<sup>–1</sup>). The contents of rutin were higher in leaf samples, suggesting that leaves of onion and garlic are recommended as a better natural source of this glycoside.
Highlights
Flavonoids as a group of phenolic compounds are found in most plants and are part of the human diet
The correlation factor for rutin was with accepted value = (0.9915), and the standard calibration curve was linear over the range (0.1–1.0 mg ml−1)
We determined the contents of rutin in Allium sativum L., Allium cepa L., Allium ursinum L. collected in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Summary
Flavonoids as a group of phenolic compounds are found in most plants and are part of the human diet. As part of the human diet, they are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and excreted unchanged or as metabolites of flavonoids in urine and faeces. These compounds are potent antioxidants, free radical scavengers, and lipid peroxidation inhibitors. Studies have shown total quercetin content in onion to be about 350 mg kg−1, which is about 10 times more in comparison with other vegetables. Being discovered for the first time in Ruta graveolens L., it got its name after the herbal species. This compound is widely present in plants, and exhibits many health effects upon consumption, such as OH
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