High performance Joint European Torus (JET) plasmas for deuterium–tritium operation with the MkII divertor

Abstract

Planned experiments in the Joint European Torus [Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research, Proceedings, 13th International Conference, Washington, D.C., 1990 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991), Vol. 1, p. 27] (JET) with deuterium–tritium (D–T) plasmas require high fusion performance for α-particle heating studies and for investigation of isotope dependence in conditions relevant to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor [Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 37, A19 (1995)]. In deuterium plasmas, the highest neutron rates have been obtained in the hot-ion high-confinement mode (H mode) which is ultimately limited by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) phenomena when the pressure gradient approaches ideal ballooning and kink stability limits in the vicinity of the edge transport barrier. Results are reported confirming the MkII divertor’s increased closure and pumping in this regime, progress in understanding the MHD-related termination is discussed, and the use of ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) in combination with high-power neutral beams to increase the neutron yield is described. In separate experiments internal transport barriers have been established through careful programming of the current ramp and heating waveforms, and neutron emission comparable with the best hot-ion H-modes achieved. Steady-state H-mode discharges exhibiting edge localized modes (ELMs) in reactor-like configurations and conditions have been demonstrated, including cases in which relevant dimensionless parameter values are preserved, ready also for testing in D–T.