Abstract
HighlightsAqueous zinc-manganese batteries with reversible Mn2+/Mn4+ double redox are achieved by carbon-coated MnOx nanoparticles.Combined with Mn2+-containing electrolyte, the MnOx cathode achieves an ultrahigh energy density with a peak of 845.1 Wh kg−1 and an ultralong lifespan of 1500 cycles.The electrode behaviors and reaction mechanism are systematically discussed by combining electrochemical measurements and material characterization.
Highlights
Considering the projected climatic deterioration, pollution, and inherent limit of fossil fuels, focus toward more environmentally friendly and sustainable energy sources continues to grow [1, 2]
As for the low cost, non-toxicity, and high theoretical capacity, Mn-based materials are considered as ideal cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) [9, 10]
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results clearly show that the ratios of MnO to M nO2 in the products calcined at different reaction time are completely different
Summary
Considering the projected climatic deterioration, pollution, and inherent limit of fossil fuels, focus toward more environmentally friendly and sustainable energy sources continues to grow [1, 2]. Rechargeable aqueous zinc-based batteries have been considered candidates for stationary grid-level storage of the intermittent renewable energies due to their low cost, improved safety, simpler manufacturing conditions, and greener operation [7, 8]. We propose the use of carbon-coated MnOx nanoparticles as a cathode material for zinc–manganese batteries In these batteries, the active low-crystallinity birnessite-type MnO2 is generated in situ from the Mn2+-containing MnOx nanoparticles and electrolyte during the charge process. A detailed investigation is performed to analyze the mechanism of the reversible Mn2+/Mn4+ double redox These findings may offer new opportunities to design low-cost and high-performance aqueous zinc–manganese batteries for large-scale energy storage
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