Abstract
High nuclearity carbonyl clusters of ruthenium and osmium are found to exhibit good photoacoustic (PA) activity in the near-IR (NIR) region. Their potential as PA contrast agents for full body imaging has been demonstrated for the first time with mice; intravenous administration of the osmium carbonyl cluster Na2[Os10(μ6-C)(CO)24] afforded up to a four-fold enhancement of the PA signal in various tissues. The cluster exhibits low toxicity, high stability and superior PA stability compared to the clinically approved NIR dye, indocyanine green.
Highlights
The advent of transition metal carbonyls in biological applications has partly been spurred on by the discovery that carbon monoxide (CO) is produced endogenously through heme catabolism and is a vital cell signaling mediator and regulator.[1,2] It has been reported to induce vasorelaxation and exhibits anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects against disease pathology.[2,3,4,5] The controlled and site-specific delivery of CO has become of intense research interest, and transition metal carbonyls have naturally become the frontrunners as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs).[6,7,8] Metal carbonyls have been of interest as anti-cancer agents, and in bioimaging applications using infrared (IR), Raman, and surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).[9,10,11,12] More recently, we have demonstrated the use of a water-soluble triosmium carbonyl cluster for in vivo imaging of the rat cerebral cortex vasculature via photoacoustic (PA) imaging.[13]thermoelastic expansion following the absorption of light.[16,17,18] Unlike modalities such as X-ray and positron emission tomography (PET), the use of non-ionizing radiation is safer for both the user and the subject
The controlled and site-specific delivery of carbon monoxide (CO) has become of intense research interest, and transition metal carbonyls have naturally become the frontrunners as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs).[6,7,8]
The PA contrast of the triosmium carbonyl cluster is high, a major drawback lies in the incident wavelength of 410 nm; tissue penetration is low at this wavelength and an invasive procedure is required to carry out the imaging
Summary
The advent of transition metal carbonyls in biological applications has partly been spurred on by the discovery that carbon monoxide (CO) is produced endogenously through heme catabolism and is a vital cell signaling mediator and regulator.[1,2] It has been reported to induce vasorelaxation and exhibits anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects against disease pathology.[2,3,4,5] The controlled and site-specific delivery of CO has become of intense research interest, and transition metal carbonyls have naturally become the frontrunners as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs).[6,7,8] Metal carbonyls have been of interest as anti-cancer agents, and in bioimaging applications using infrared (IR), Raman, and surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).[9,10,11,12] More recently, we have demonstrated the use of a water-soluble triosmium carbonyl cluster for in vivo imaging of the rat cerebral cortex vasculature via photoacoustic (PA) imaging.[13]thermoelastic expansion following the absorption of light.[16,17,18] Unlike modalities such as X-ray and positron emission tomography (PET), the use of non-ionizing radiation is safer for both the user and the subject. The PA contrast of the triosmium carbonyl cluster is high, a major drawback lies in the incident wavelength of 410 nm; tissue penetration is low at this wavelength and an invasive procedure is required to carry out the imaging.
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