Abstract
Aims. This study examined the correlation between high nuclear expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) and clinicopathologic data in endometrial carcinoma (EC), including patient survival. Methods. One hundred and twenty-two endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients from 2002 to 2008 were reviewed in the study. HDGF expression in tumor tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and its association with clinicopathological parameters was evaluated. Tumors with 80% or more nuclei staining were regarded as high expression and tumors with less than 80% nuclei staining considered as low expression. Results and Conclusions. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that HDGF was expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. High nuclear expression of HDGF was positively correlated with FIGO stage (P = 0.032), but not associated with other clinical features, such as histological grading or lymph node status. Patients with high expression of HDGF had poorer overall survival rates than those with low expression of HDGF (P = 0.001). However, multivariate analyses showed that high nuclear expression of HDGF protein was not an independent predictor of prognosis for EC patients (P = 0.111). Our results suggest that high nuclear expression of HDGF is a potential unfavorable factor for the progression and prognosis of EC.
Highlights
Endometrial carcinoma is the most frequent gynecologic malignancy of women across the globe and the number of estimated new cases shows an increasing trend [1, 2]
Based on the significance of nuclear Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) expression in previous studies of tumors [12], we investigated the correlation of nuclear HDGF expression with clinical features and prognosis of endometrial carcinoma (EC)
We observed that high nuclear expression of HDGF was positively correlated with Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (I-II versus III) (P = 0.032) in EC patients (Table 1)
Summary
Endometrial carcinoma is the most frequent gynecologic malignancy of women across the globe and the number of estimated new cases shows an increasing trend [1, 2]. Not all endometrial carcinomas can be found at this early stage; metastasis is most often responsible for EC deaths [4]. Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) was originally purified from HuH-7 liver cancer cell line [5]. Recent studies have found that HDGF expression is increased in several types of mouse and human carcinomas compared with adjacent nontumorous areas [7]. Several findings suggest that HDGF overexpression is associated with aggressive phenotypes of cancer cells, such as proliferation, invasiveness, and metastasis [8,9,10,11]. HDGF may prove useful as a prognostic factor for patients with cancers
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