Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to investigate the rate of S.aureus nasal carriage and molecular characteristics in hospital and community settings in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Nasal samples (n = 219) were collected from 116 healthy volunteers and 103 hospitalized patients in July and August 2014. Samples were first screened using CHROMagar Staph aureus chromogenic agar plates, and S. aureus strains were identified by mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method on Müller-Hinton agar. All S. aureus isolates were genotyped using DNA microarray. Overall, the rate of S. aureus nasal carriage was 32.9% (72/219) with 29% in healthy volunteers and 37% in hospital patients. Among the S. aureus isolates, only four methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were identified and all in hospital patients (3.9%). The 72 S. aureus isolates from nasal samples belonged to 16 different clonal complexes, particularly to CC 152-MSSA (22 clones) and CC1-MSSA (nine clones). Two clones were significantly associated with community settings: CC1-MSSA and CC45-MSSA. The MRSA strains belonged to the ST88-MRSA-IV or the CC8-MRSA-V complex. A very high prevalence of toxinogenic strains 52.2% (36/69), containing Panton-Valentine leucocidin- and EDIN-encoding genes, was identified among the S. aureus isolates in community and hospital settings. This study provides the first characterization of S. aureus clones and their genetic characteristics in Burkina Faso. Altogether, it highlights the low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, high diversity of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus clones and high frequency of toxinogenic S. aureus strains.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus is both a human commensal and a frequent cause of clinically important infections in hospital and community settings
This study provides the first characterization of S. aureus samples isolated from nasal specimens in Burkina Faso
Our findings highlight the low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, the high diversity of MSSA clones and the high frequency of toxinogenic isolates among the S. aureus strains that circulate in community and hospital settings
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus is both a human commensal and a frequent cause of clinically important infections in hospital and community settings. It colonizes about one third of healthy humans and is most often found in the nose (Kaspar et al, 2016). Studies on the worldwide spread of S. aureus indicated that clone predominance varies according to the continent: ST300 in USA, ST59 in Asia, ST30/USA1100 in Southwest Pacific Oceania, ST93 in Queensland and ST80 in European countries (Fluit et al, 2015). In Africa, the limited epidemiological data suggest that S. aureus clone distribution is heterogeneous, possibly due to the huge cultural and geographical diversity. As several pathogenic S. aureus clones, such as the European clone ST80MRSA-IV (Messad et al, 2013), express EDIN or EDIN-like exotoxins, EDIN-positive strains could be present in the African continent, especially in Maghreb where the ST80 clone is very common
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