High monovalent/divalent permselectivity and low ionic resistance of ionene-based anion exchange membranes in electrodialysis

Abstract

This study presents an investigation on the monovalent/divalent ion permselectivity of anion exchange ionenes, a distinct class of solid polymer polyelectrolytes having cationic fixed charge groups located directly on the polymer backbone, rather than being pendant. These ionenes are commercially available as Aemion® AEMs and are based on hexamethyl-p-terphenyl poly(benzimidazolium) (HMT-PMBI). Monovalent/divalent permselectivity values of four Aemion® membranes of different thickness and ion exchange capacity were determined via electrodialysis in a mixed electrolyte system comprising chloride/sulfate anions. To fully understand the transport phenomena in these materials, ion transport properties were studied in conjunction with water uptake and ionic conductance. When the AEMs were exposed to mixed chloride/sulfate solutions, their water uptake significantly increased compared to purely chloride containing solutions, and the concentration of fixed charge groups in the AEMs consequently decreased. We find that thicker ionenes with lower IEC exhibit the highest permselectivity. The data also reveal that thinner AEMs yield a greater ionic flux loss and decreased permselectivity values, particularly in case of lower IEC AEMs. Surprisingly, despite its low water uptake and high resistance, commercial Selemion AMV possesses lower permselectivity than low IEC ionene-based Aemion® AEMs, which we explain on the basis of the highly tortuous internal morphology of low water content ionenes. Permselectivity-to-resistance ratio values are an order of magnitude higher for low IEC ionenes when compared with high IEC ionenes and Selemion AMV.