Abstract
We have realized a two-dimensional hole system (2DHS), in which the 2DHS is induced at an atomically flat hydrogen-terminated Si(111) surface by a negative gate voltage applied across a vacuum cavity. Hole densities up to 7.5 × 1011 cm−2 are obtained, and the peak hole mobility is about 104 cm2/Vs at 70 mK. The quantum Hall effect is observed. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations show a beating pattern due to the spin-orbit effects, and the inferred zero-field spin splitting can be tuned by the gate voltage.
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