Abstract
In this study, composite devices were fabricated using ferromagnetic FeSiB-based alloys (Metglas) and ferroelectric ceramics, and their magnetic field sensitivity was evaluated. Sintered 0.95Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3-0.05Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)O3 (PZT-PMS) ceramic exhibited a very dense microstructure with a large piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g31 = −16.8 × 10−3 VmN−1) and mechanical quality factor (Qm > 1600). Owing to these excellent electromechanical properties of the PZT-PMS, the laminate composite with a Metglas/PZT-PMS/Metglas sandwich structure exhibited large magnetoelectric voltage coefficients (αME) in both off-resonance and resonance modes. When the length-to-width aspect ratio (l/w) of the composite was controlled, αME slightly varied in the off-resonance mode, resulting in similar sensitivity values ranging from 129.9 to 146.81 VT−1. Whereas in the resonance mode, the composite with small l/w exhibited a large reduction of αME and sensitivity values. When controlling the thickness of the PZT-PMS (t), the αME of the composite showed the largest value when t was the smallest in the off-resonance mode, while αME was the largest when t is the largest in the resonance mode. The control of t slightly affected the sensitivity in the off-resonance mode, however, higher sensitivity was obtained as t increased in the resonance mode. The results demonstrate that the sensitivity, varying with the dimensional control of the composite, is related to the mechanical loss of the sensor. The composite sensor with the PZT-PMS layer exhibited excellent magnetic field sensitivity of 1.49 × 105 VT−1 with a sub-nT sensing limit, indicating its potential for application in high-performance magnetoelectric sensor devices.
Highlights
Magnetoelectric (ME) composites comprising ferroelectric (FE) and ferromagnetic (FM) materials have the advantageous property of being capable of converting magnetic fields into electric fields and vice versa [1,2,3]
We demonstrate that the sensitivity is related to the piezoelectric voltage coefficient of the FE layer in the off-resonance mode, while the sensitivity of the resonance mode is predominantly affected by the mechanical quality factor of the composite sensor
The bulk density of the PZT-PMS sample was measured as 7.931 gcm−3, which is almost 99% of the theoretical density
Summary
Magnetoelectric (ME) composites comprising ferroelectric (FE) and ferromagnetic (FM) materials have the advantageous property of being capable of converting magnetic fields into electric fields and vice versa [1,2,3]. This field conversion, known as the ME effect, is possible through a strain coupling between the FE and FM constituents of the composites. For the direct ME effect, the FM material generates a mechanical strain when an external magnetic field varies (by magnetostriction, converse piezomagnetic effect), and the strain is transferred to the poled FE material at the FM/FE. Based on the ME effect, various electronic device applications, such as magnetic field sensors, current sensors, gyrators, position sensors, energy harvesters, resonators, and filters, have been proposed [1,7,8,9,10,11].
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