Abstract
Sugars act not only as substrates for plant metabolism, but also have a pivotal role in signaling pathways. Glucose signaling has been widely studied in the vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana, but it has remained unexplored in non-vascular species such as Physcomitrella patens. To investigate P. patens response to high glucose treatment, we explored the dynamic changes in metabolism and protein population by applying a metabolomic fingerprint analysis (DIESI-MS), carbohydrate and chlorophyll quantification, Fv/Fm determination and label-free untargeted proteomics. Glucose feeding causes specific changes in P. patens metabolomic fingerprint, carbohydrate contents and protein accumulation, which is clearly different from those of osmotically induced responses. The maximal rate of PSII was not affected although chlorophyll decreased in both treatments. The biological process, cellular component, and molecular function gene ontology (GO) classifications of the differentially expressed proteins indicate the translation process is the most represented category in response to glucose, followed by photosynthesis, cellular response to oxidative stress and protein refolding. Importantly, although several proteins have high fold changes, these proteins have no predicted identity. The most significant discovery of our study at the proteome level is that high glucose increase abundance of proteins related to the translation process, which was not previously evidenced in non-vascular plants, indicating that regulation by glucose at the translational level is a partially conserved response in both plant lineages. To our knowledge, this is the first time that metabolome fingerprint and proteomic analyses are performed after a high sugar treatment in non-vascular plants. These findings unravel evolutionarily shared and differential responses between vascular and non-vascular plants.
Highlights
Both microorganisms and multicellular organisms coordinate their metabolic activity according to changes in nutrient availability
Glucose alters moss metabolism independently from an osmotic response In order to understand the total effect on P. patens tissues that were exposed to high glucose concentration (300 mM) for 24 h, we first performed mass spectrometry fingerprinting with
We explored the metabolomic and proteomic responses of the non-vascular plant, P. patens, to high glucose levels
Summary
Both microorganisms and multicellular organisms coordinate their metabolic activity according to changes in nutrient availability. Extensive studies in A. thaliana have revealed that sugars have dual function acting as a fuel and as signaling molecules Both functions play pivotal roles in integrating the metabolic, developmental, and environmental cues required for plant survival [4]. Forward genetics, involving the screening of mutants insensitive or hypersensitive to the effects of glucose on Arabidopsis seedling development, has been a powerful approach for identifying genes involved in glucose sensing and signaling [9,10,11,12,13] These screenings have identified mutants associated with abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, auxin, cytokinin, stringolactones, gibberellins, and brassinosteroids, demonstrating an active cross-talk between sugar and phytohormone responses [4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 15]. In plants two systems that respond to changes in nutrient and energy status have been reported, the TOR complex kinase, which promotes growth in response to high glucose [20], and the plant Snf1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) which is active upon sugar deprivation [21] TOR and SnRK1 act downstream of sugar sensing and their activities are modulated by the sugar status of plants [8]
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