High level histone H2A gene expression during early stages of adventitious bud formation in Norway spruce (Picea abies)

Abstract

We have demonstrated the correlation between cell division and the expression of a histone H2A‐encoding gene, His2A, in Norway spruce. Picea abies (L.) Karst and used a cDNA clone in in situ hybridization experiments to monitor the cytokinin‐induced cell division during early stages of adventitious bud development. A general stimulation of division of epidermal and cortical cells followed upon the cytokinin treatment. After two weeks in culture a high mitotic activity was detected only in single cells or small groups of cells in the epidermis and subepidermal cell layers. These cells presumably constitute the early stages of meristem primordia. The small clusters of dividing cells enlarge and subsequently form adventitious buds. Cells of the meristem and needle primordia of adventitious buds divide frequently as do the corresponding cells in vegetative buds. A quiescent center is distinguished within the apical meristem of vegetative buds. These cells, in the summit of the domed meristem, divide with a considerably lower frequency than cells in the flanking region. Differences in the temporal expression pattern of the histone H2A gene in cells of the vascular tissue, detected between embryos germinating in vitro and bud‐induced embryos, suggest that the cytokinin treatment affects the timing of cell divisions in the differentiating procambium.