High Level Expression in Soluble Form, One Step Purification, and Characterization of the DNA Binding Domain of MEF-2C

Abstract

Members of the MEF-2 family of transcription factors act as coregulators of basic helix–loop–helix (BHLH) proteins in the control of lineage specific gene expression in many cell types through direct interaction between the respective DNA binding domains. To make possible a thorough biochemical, biophysical, and structural characterization of the properties of myocyte enhancer factor (MEF) proteins and of their interactions with BHLH-proteins, a simple system for high level expression and rapid purification of myocyte enhancer factor-2C (MEF-2C) was developed. A T7 expression system was used to produce in high yield inEscherichia colian N-terminal fragment of MEF-2C comprising both the MADS box and the MEF domain. Purification by a single round of cation-exchange chromatography on a Resource-S HPLC column at elevated pH afforded an essentially pure protein. Recombinant MEF-2C(1–117) bound with high affinity to the MEF consensus DNA binding site (CTATAAATAG). Mutations in this sequence that replaced adenines with thymine or vice versa did not significantly alter the affinity for MEF-2C(1–117). The introduction of G–C pairs into the core of the MEF-site, however, dramatically increased the concentration of MEF-2C(1–117) needed for half maximal DNA binding. We propose an explanation of the DNA binding specificity of MEF-2C based on the intrinsic bending properties of the unbound DNA.