High intensity resistance training causes muscle damage and increases biomarkers of acute kidney injury in healthy individuals.

Tania C Spada,Dirce M T Zanetta,Leila Antonangelo,Luis Yu,Lia J Marçal,Lucila S Francisco,Emmanuel A Burdmann,José M R D Silva,Giuseppe Remuzzi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205791

Abstract

PurposeHigh-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) is an increasingly popular exercise program that provides positive results with short sessions. This study aimed to evaluate whether an HIIRT session causes muscle and kidney damage.MethodsFifty-eight healthy volunteers (median age 24 years, 50% women) participated in this study and performed a HIIRT session. The Borg CR10 scale for pain (CR10P) and blood and urine samples were collected before (baseline) and 2 and 24 hours after the HIIRT session. Blood samples were analyzed for serum creatinine (SCr), creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin. Urine samples were assessed for creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin 18, calbindin, microalbuminuria, trefoil factor-3 and β-2 microglobulin.ResultsCR10P had a significant increase at 2 and 24 hours post-workout, and CK increased significantly at 2 hours and increased further at 24 hours. Myoglobin increased significantly at 2 hours and remained elevated at 24 hours. SCr increased modestly but significantly at 24 hours only in men. Three men met the KDIGO diagnostic criteria for acute kidney injury. The urinary kidney injury biomarkers increased significantly at 2 hours and returned to the baseline values 24 hours after HIIRT.ConclusionsA single HIIRT session caused early and significant elevations in CK, myoglobin, SCr, microalbuminuria and urinary biomarkers indicative of kidney tubular injury, suggesting the occurrence of muscle and kidney damage.

Highlights

The adequate and regular performance of moderate-intensity exercise provides well-known health benefits. It decreases the risk of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type 2-diabetes, reduces all-cause respiratory and cardiovascular mortality, reduces cardiovascular morbidity and prevents cardiac disease, decreases premature mortality risk and effectively prevents several chronic diseases [1,2,3]
There is not a universal definition, High-intensity interval training (HIIT) typically consists of short bouts of sequences of submaximum-maximum intensity exercises separated by periods of rest or low-intensity exercises [9]
high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) follows the same methodology as HIIT but uses resistance exercises [10]

Summary

Introduction

The adequate and regular performance of moderate-intensity exercise provides well-known health benefits. It decreases the risk of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type 2-diabetes, reduces all-cause respiratory and cardiovascular mortality, reduces cardiovascular morbidity and prevents cardiac disease, decreases premature mortality risk and effectively prevents several chronic diseases [1,2,3]. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as one of the fastest growing exercise programs in recent years. One of the main reasons for its popularity is because it provides benefits similar to conventional workouts with shorter training sessions. High-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) was developed to combine the benefits of HIIT with work on muscle resistance. HIIRT follows the same methodology as HIIT but uses resistance exercises [10]

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