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Abstract
Background: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a sustainable and effective method for improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in adolescents. HIIT is proven to produce equal or greater improvements in CRF when compared to moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in adolescents. Methods: The studies included were considered eligible if: (1) Participants were adolescents (11–18 years old); (2) Examined changes in CRF measured either directly or indirectly; (3) Included a non-exercising control group or MICE comparison group; (4) Participants were matched at enrolment; (5) Reported HIIT protocol information; (6) Provided HIIT intensity. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of HIIT on CRF. Meta-regression and moderator analyses were performed out to quantitatively examine moderators of protocol design on CRF improvements. Results: HIIT displays a moderate effect to improve CRF (g = 0.86, 95% CI 0.518–1.106, p < 0.001). Neither study duration (weeks), nor total or weekly accumulated HIIT volume (min) displayed any significant moderation effect on pooled improvement on CRF (p > 0.05). Conclusions: HIIT is an effective method to improve CRF in adolescents, irrespective of body composition. Notably, meta regression analysis identified that prolonged high volume HIIT programs are similarly effective to short term low volume HIIT programs. This becomes of particular interest for those involved in school curricula, where short HIIT exercise may provide a pragmatic adjunct to the health benefits of Physical Education (PE) lessons.
Highlights
Despite the associated health benefits of physical activity (PA), many children and adolescents do not currently achieve the proposed PA recommendations of 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day [1,2]
Samples were separated into high intensity interval training (HIIT), control group (CON) and moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) groups
The main findings of the present study are that HIIT significantly improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) compared to non-exercising control or MICE control groups
Summary
Despite the associated health benefits of physical activity (PA), many children and adolescents do not currently achieve the proposed PA recommendations of 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day [1,2]. This is further compounded by approximate 65% decrease in PA during adolescence [3,4,5,6]. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a sustainable and effective method for improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in adolescents. Meta-regression and moderator analyses were performed out to quantitatively examine moderators of protocol design on CRF improvements
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