Abstract
This study aimed to determine the expression of omentin and vaspin, inflammatory markers, body composition, and lipid profile in diet-induced obese rats and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: untrained normal diet, trained normal diet (T-ND), untrained high-fat diet (Unt-HFD), and trained high-fat diet (T-HFD). For the animals of the Unt-HFD and T-HFD groups, a high-fat diet was offered for 4 weeks. After that, all the animals in the T-ND and T-HFD groups were submitted to HITT, three times per week, for 10 weeks (2 weeks of adaptation and 8 weeks of HIIT). Muscle (gastrocnemius), liver, epididymal adipose tissue, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and serum were collected to analyze TNF-α, IL-6, PCR, IL-8, IL-10, IL-4, vaspin, and omentin. A body composition analysis was performed before adaptation to HIIT protocol and after the last exercise session using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Omentin and vaspin in the VAT were quantified using Western blotting. The results showed that, when fed a high-fat diet, the animals obtained significant gains in body fat and elevated serum concentrations of vaspin and blood triglycerides. The HIIT was able to minimize body fat gain but did not reduce visceral fat despite the increase in maximum exercise capacity. Moreover, there was a reduction in the serum levels of adiponectin, IL-6, and IL-10. Finally, we concluded that, although the training protocol was able to slow down the weight gain of the animals, there was no reduction in visceral fat or an improvement in the inflammatory profile, including no changes in omentin and vaspin.
Highlights
Obesity is related to a wide range of diseases, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type II, some types of cancer, and non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis
At the end of 10 weeks, this training capacity was higher in relation to the first maximum exercise capacity (MEC) test, showing an improvement of this variable for the animals trained with highintensity interval training (HIIT), but there was no difference between the trained normal diet (T-normal diet (ND)) and trained high-fat diet (T-high-fat diet (HFD)) groups in the postexercise condition (Table 3)
The same behavior occurred with the variable time to exhaustion, but the distance covered was greater in T-ND compared to T-HFD group
Summary
Obesity is related to a wide range of diseases, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type II, some types of cancer, and non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis These comorbidities can mostly be attributed to metabolic and endocrine alterations occurring in the adipose tissue, from its expansion (Hwang et al, 2015; Shie et al, 2015). One of the strategies adopted to mitigate this low-grade chronic inflammation is to reduce body fat, resulting in higher circulating levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as adiponectin, associated with a reduction in pro-inflammatory characteristics. Physical exercise has anti-inflammatory characteristics, offering a protective effect against diseases associated with chronic low-grade inflammation present in obesity, reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory properties (Hermsdorff and Monteiro, 2004; Petersen and Pedersen, 2005; Ghoshal, 2015)
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