Abstract
In total, 332 strawberry plants from 33 different locations in the Czech Republic with or without disease symptoms were screened by RT-PCR for the presence of strawberry polerovirus 1 (SPV1) and five other viruses: strawberry mottle virus, strawberry crinkle virus, strawberry mild yellow edge virus, strawberry vein banding virus, and strawberry virus 1. SPV1 was detected in 115 tested strawberry plants (35%), including 89 mixed infections. No correlation between symptoms and the detected viruses was found. To identify potential invertebrate SPV1 vectors, strawberry-associated invertebrate species were screened by RT-PCR, and the virus was found in the aphids Aphis forbesi, A. gossypii, A. ruborum, A. sanquisorbae, Aulacorthum solani, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Myzus ascalonicus, and several other non-aphid invertebrate species. SPV1 was also detected in aphid honeydew. Subsequent tests of C. fragaefolii and A. gossypii virus transmission ability showed that at least 4 h of acquisition time were needed to acquire the virus. However, 1 day was sufficient for inoculation using C. fragaefolii. In conclusion, being aphid-transmitted like other tested viruses SPV1 was nevertheless the most frequently detected agent. Czech SPV1 isolates belonged to at least two phylogenetic clusters. The sequence analysis also indicated that recombination events influence evolution of SPV1 genomes.
Highlights
More than 30 viral species have been described in strawberries in the past [1], and the number of newly identified viruses is increasing [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
The most economically important and widespread of these viruses are strawberry mottle virus (SMoV), strawberry crinkle virus (SCV), strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV) and strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV), especially when they occur in mixed infections [1,2,10,11,12]
We focused on characterization of strawberry polerovirus 1 (SPV1) occurrence, tested non-strawberry plants from close vicinity to sampling sites, determined and experimentally verified its putative vectors
Summary
More than 30 viral species have been described in strawberries in the past [1], and the number of newly identified viruses is increasing [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. In 2015, a novel virus—strawberry polerovirus 1 (SPV1)—was reported in complex viral mixtures in strawberries affected by disease causing acute declines in Canada [4]. Cases of SPV1 were reported in the USA [12,13], Argentina [14], and the Czech. SPV1 belongs to the family Solemoviridae, which includes icosahedral plant viruses with small positive-sense RNA genomes approximately 5 kb in length encoding. The vectors of SPV1 are not yet known
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