Abstract
The hadal biosphere is one of the least understood ecosystems on our planet. Recent studies have revealed diverse and active communities of prokaryotes in hadal sediment. However, there have been few studies on fungi in hadal sediment. Here we report the first isolation and cultivation of 8 fungi from the Mariana Trench sediment. The individual colonies were isolated and identified as Stemphylium sp., Cladosporium sp., Arthrinium sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., and Aspergillus sp. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) test was carried out to identify the piezophily of these hadal fungi. Among them, 7 out of the 8 fungal isolates exhibited the ability of germination after incubation under 40 MPa for 7 days. Vegetative growth of the isolates was also affected by HHP. Characterization of secondary metabolites under different pressure conditions was also performed. The production of secondary metabolites was affected by the HHP treatment, improving the potential of discovering novel natural products from hadal fungi. The antibacterial assay revealed the potential of discovering novel natural products. Our results suggest that fungal growth pressure plays an important role in the development and production of secondary metabolites of these hadal fungi under the extreme environment in the Mariana Trench.
Highlights
The hadal biosphere is one of the least understood ecosystems on our planet
These 8 individual fungi belong to 6 different species, Stemphylium sp., Cladosporium sp., Arthrinium sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., and Aspergillus sp
The 8 fungi were named as Alternaria alternata CIEL 1, Cladosporium sp
Summary
The hadal biosphere is one of the least understood ecosystems on our planet. Recent studies have revealed diverse and active communities of prokaryotes in hadal sediment. Our results suggest that fungal growth pressure plays an important role in the development and production of secondary metabolites of these hadal fungi under the extreme environment in the Mariana Trench. Several fungal isolates showed abnormal phenotypes under elevated pressure, implying that HHP would change the life process of fungi in the deep sea. Recent studies have reported diverse fungi from the deep ocean, isolation and cultivation of marine fungi under HHP conditions from the hadal sediment have not been reported far. We report the isolation of sediment fungi from the Mariana Trench, and show that the development and production of secondary metabolites of these fungi are influenced by growth pressure. Our study represents the first report of 8 fungi in the Mariana Trench sediment and the special life processes of the hadal fungi under extreme high pressure conditions
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
