Abstract
CsBr photocathodes have 10 times higher quantum efficiency with only 3 times larger intrinsic transverse emittance than copper. They are robust and can withstand 80 MV/m fields without breaking down or emitting dark current. They can operate in 2×10⁻⁹ torr vacuum and survive exposure to air. They are well suited for generating high pulse charge in rf guns without a photocathode transfer system.
Highlights
The chemical identification of materials using standard x-ray absorption techniques is an important problem for homeland security
CsBr photocathodes have 10 times higher quantum efficiency with only 3 times larger intrinsic transverse emittance than copper. They are robust and can withstand 80 MV=m fields without breaking down or emitting dark current. They can operate in 2 × 10−9 torr vacuum and survive exposure to air
They are well suited for generating high pulse charge in rf guns without a photocathode transfer system
Summary
The chemical identification of materials using standard x-ray absorption techniques is an important problem for homeland security. New techniques are needed that enable the differentiation of liquids, gels, and soft tissues with nearly identical absorption coefficients. Materials can be chemically identified based on the real part of their complex index of refraction, often different from unity by an amount on the order of 10−8. X-ray differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging is a technique for this [1,2]. Partially coherent x-rays are generated from an incoherent source using a heavily attenuating transmission grating. The phase and amplitude of x rays after the sample are measured using a combination of a stationary phase grating and a movable amplitude grating
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