Abstract
Bladder cancer is relatively common in adults; however, in children, bladder malignancies are extremely rare. In the present case report, we describe the diagnostic, therapeutic, and follow-up management of bladder cancer in a 3-year-old boy. Furthermore, we focus on typical and less frequently seen histological characteristics of bladder cancer in childhood. Despite its low incidence and prevalence, it is very important to emphasize that bladder cancer is the most serious condition which should not be missed in the differential diagnosis of hematuria or urinary tract infection.
Highlights
Tumors of the urinary bladder are among the most important malignant diseases of the urinary tract
The second most common type of bladder cancer is spinocellular cancer (10%) due to chronic urinary infection caused by schistosoma haematobium
We present a case of a 3-year-old boy examined by his pediatrician due to an isolated episode of painless gross hematuria in December 2013
Summary
Tumors of the urinary bladder are among the most important malignant diseases of the urinary tract. These tumors represent about 5%–10% of all cancers worldwide. At the time of diagnosis, 70%–80% of tumors are non-muscle invasive (staging Ta, T1 or carcinoma in situ). Sonography revealed an exophytic tumor 13 × 6 mm on the dorsal wall of the urinary bladder with well-marked blood supply on color-flow mapping (Figures 1 and 2). The patient was indicated to cystoscopy under general anesthesia, which confirmed a 12-mm papillomatous tumor with a thin stalk on the back wall of the bladder. Specimens were sent for histopathological assessment and the diagnosis of high-grade stage T1 transitional cell cancer with a papillary configuration was made (Figure 3). The patient remains free of any evidence of recurrent disease either locally or systemically two years after the initial diagnosis was established
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