High Grade Muscle-Invasive Urinary Bladder Cancer in A 36 Year Old Male Patient: A Case Report & Review of Literature

Abstract

We are reporting a case of urothelial bladder cancer in a 36 year old male patient with no history or exposure to any risk factors. The incidence of urothelial bladder cancer is very low in young individuals i.e. below 40 years of age with reported rate of incidence around 0.1-0.4 %. Most of the times, these young individuals present with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with low grade and low stage. As the age increases, the incidence of high grade bladder cancer increases along with it. The index case presented with high grade muscle invasive bladder cancer at the time of diagnosis without any known risk factors. The 5-year survival of urothelial bladder cancer is better in young patients (93.8 %) as compared to older people(85.1 %). Cigarette smoking is responsible for development of bladder cancer in majority of patients followed by exposure to occupational carcinogens. Role of genetic alterations in development of bladder cancer is still under research and process of urothelial bladder carcinogenesis is unanswered in young individuals.