Abstract
Chondrosarcomas are malignant tumors of cartilaginous origin with only 5-10% reported in the head and neck region. Intraorally it has higher incidence of occurrence in anterior maxilla followed by posterior mandible. The 5-year survival and metastases rates are adversely affected by the grade of tumor, which necessitates its early diagnosis. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are vital for its accurate diagnosis. Chondrosarcomas being radio-and chemoresistant are treated surgically although adjuvant radiotherapy helps in prevention of local recurrences. A case of high-grade chondrosarcoma of the mandibular molar region is presented, along with pertinent review of literature.
Highlights
Cirrhosis of the liver is a major health problem in our country
This study highlighted that Serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) has a positive correlation with esophageal varices with high sensitivity and positive predictive value in estimating the presence of varices but without statistical significance
Due to statistically insignificant correlation and low specificity, SAAG cannot be used in place of upper GI endoscopy in diagnosing gastroesophageal varices
Summary
Patients with cirrhosis are at risk of developing esophageal varices and variceal bleeding with high mortality They must undergo routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to screen for the presence of varices. To avoid costly and invasive endoscopic screening, there are a number of studies on noninvasive means of predicting the presence and future development of esophageal varices in high risk population. These non-invasive means would decrease the number of endoscopies performed restricting the performance of endoscopy to only those patients with a high probability of having varices. Serumascites albumin gradient (SAAG) has been concluded in several studies like a surrogate marker in estimating portal hypertension and its complications and it can be a helpful means in predicting incidence of EV.[7]
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