High glycosylated hemoglobin levels increase the risk of progression to diabetes mellitus in subjects with glucose intolerance

Abstract

The relationships between HbA 1c level and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at the initial visit and the incidence of diabetes after 5 years of follow-up were investigated in 819 subjects participating in a general health examination. The 100 g OGTT was performed. In order to use WHO criteria, the blood glucose levels of 100 g OGTT corresponding to those of 75 g OGTT were adopted according to the recommendation of the Japan Diabetes Society. Subjects other than diabetic type and IGT (impaired glucose tolerance) were divided into a normal group (fasting blood glucose < 100 mg/dl, 1-h blood glucose < 160 mg/dl, and 2-h blood glucose < 120 mg/dl) and a borderline group (the remaining subjects). In IGT, the incidence of diabetes in the low-(≤ 6.3%), intermediate-(6.4–6.7%) and high-HbA 1c (≥ 6.8%) groups were 10.4%, 23.1% and 52.5%, respectively (high vs intermediate and low, P < 0.001; intermediate vs low, P < 0.05). In the borderline group, the incidence were 2.8%, 14.3% and 28.6%, respectively (high and intermediate vs low, P < 0.001). The results showed that the combination of HbA 1c level and OGTT enables more precise prediction of progression to NIDDM in subjects with glucose intolerance.