High genetic differentiation of grapevine rootstock varieties determined by molecular markers and artificial neural networks

Marcia Oliveira Costa,Maria De Fátima Pires Da Silva Machado Machado,Claudete Aparecida Mangolin,Freddy Mora,Livia Santos Capel,Carlos Maldonado

doi:10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.43475

Marcia Oliveira Costa, Maria De Fátima Pires Da Silva Machado Machado + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.43475

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Abstract

The genetic differentiation of grapevine rootstock varieties was inferred by the Artificial Neural Network approach based on the Self-Organizing Map algorithm. A combination of RAPD and SSR molecular markers, yielding polymorphic informative loci, was used to determine the genetic characterization among the rootstock varieties 420-A, Schwarzmann, IAC-766 Campinas, Traviú, Kober 5BB, and IAC-572 Jales. A neural network algorithm, based on allelic frequency, showed that the individual grapevine rootstocks (n = 64) were grouped into three genetically differentiated clusters. Cluster 1 included only the Kober 5BB rootstock, Cluster 2 included rootstocks of the varieties Traviú and IAC-572, and Cluster 3 included 420-A, Schwarzmann and IAC-766 plants. Evidence from the current study indicates that, despite the morphological similarities of the 420-A and Kober 5BB varieties, which share the same genetic origin, two new varieties were generated that are genetically divergent and show differences in performance.

Highlights

IntroductionMost vineyards in Brazil are planted by employing rootstock for grafting from the producing cultivars in the field (Roberto, Kanai, & Yano, 2004)
Evidence in the current study indicates that, in spite of the morphological similarities of the 420-A and Kober 5BB varieties and the same genetic origin, the selection processes of genotypes led to the generation of two new varieties, genetically divergent and showing different performances
The sometimes confused Kober 5BB and 420-A varieties may be differentiated at the molecular level

Summary

Introduction

Most vineyards in Brazil are planted by employing rootstock for grafting from the producing cultivars in the field (Roberto, Kanai, & Yano, 2004). Known as the capital of table grapes, in the north-western region of Paraná State, Brazil, has more than 1,000 hectares of producing vines, all formed with grafted plants. The rootstock Kober 5BB, a cross between Vitis berlandieri x V. riparia, is widely used worldwide. It had been employed in the Marialva region prior to IAC766. Kober 5BB is remarkable in studies on factors influencing the grafting success and the compatibility of grape rootstocks (Vřsĭc, Pulko, & Kocsis, 2015; Suriano et al, 2016). According to Camargo (1998), the correct identification of rootstocks is highly relevant since 420-A will result in a performance below expectations

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