Abstract

Many species of Populus, particularly cottonwoods of sections Aigeiros and Tacamahaca, remain recalcitrant to genetic transformation. We demonstrate that transgenic trees can be readily produced in several poplar genotypes using wild-type Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Hairy roots were produced in a variety of clones that included Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray, Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh., P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids, and Populus alba L. × Populus grandidentata Michx., some of which were otherwise recalcitrant to regeneration or transformation. The frequency of hairy roots ranged from 17 to 92%; nearly all hairy roots could be regenerated into transgenic plants. Among 18 transgenic lines that were confirmed by Southern analysis and grown into small trees, 5 showed severe dwarfism and other phenotypic abnormalities, while the majority grew normally. Agrobacterium rhizogenes appears to be an effective means for transformation of diverse poplar genotypes and may be useful in genotypes where disarmed strains of Agrobacterium or regeneration protocols are inadequate to produce transgenic plants. Resume : Plusieurs espces du genre Populus, et plus particulirement celles des sections Aigeiros et Tacamahaca, demeurent rOfractaires ‡ la transformation gOnOtique. Les auteurs dOmontrent que des arbres transgOniques peuvent Œtre obtenus facilement pour plusieurs gOnotypes de peuplier ‡ liaide diune souche sauvage de Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Des racines avec poils absorbants ont OtO obtenues pour un nombre important de clones reprOsentatifs des espces Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray et Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh., ainsi que des hybrides de P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides et de Populus alba L. × Populus grandidentata Michx., dont certains Otaient rOfractaires ‡ la rOgOnOration ou ‡ la transformation. La frOquence ‡ laquelle des racines avec poils absorbants furent obtenues variait de 17 ‡ 92% et presque toutes les lignOes de racines avec poils absorbants pouvaient Œtre rOgOnOrOes en plantes transgOniques. Parmi les 18 lignOes transgOniques qui furent confirmOes par analyse de type Southern et qui se sont dOveloppOes jusquiau stade de petit arbre, 5 ont affichO un nanisme sOvre ainsi que diautres anormalitOs phOnotypiques, alors que la majoritO des lignOes se sont dOveloppOes normalement. Liutilisation de A. rhizogenes apparaOt donc Œtre un moyen efficace pour transformer divers gOnotypes de peuplier. Cette stratOgie pourrait Œtre utile pour la production de plantes transgOniques dans le cas des gOnotypes pour lesquels la transformation par des souches dOsarmOes de Agrobacterium ou les protocoles de rOgOnOration siavrent inadOquats. (Traduit par la ROdaction)

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