Abstract
Melia volkensii Gurke is a drought-tolerant tree native to East Africa's arid and semiarid lands (ASALs), with vast but underutilized potential for agroforestry and sustainable livelihoods in the ASALs. Its cultivation is limited by difficulties in propagation via conventional means. Full exploitation of the ability of thidiazuron (TDZ) to elicit regeneration in plant tissue cultures, as sole plant growth regulator (PGR), is hampered by high costs. This study tested the effectiveness of a low-cost agrochemical TDZ for in vitro propagation of M. volkensii. Zygotic embryos from mature seeds were cultured on Gamborg's B5 medium containing 0 to 4 mg/L of agrochemical TDZ from Kingtai Chemicals Co.,Ltd., China. Callus induction frequency was 96.67 to 100%. Significantly large callus fresh mass was produced at 0.05 mg/L TDZ concentration (ANOVA, P < 0.001). The effect of TDZ on embryogenicity was significant over certain ranges of concentrations (Anova, P < 0.001). Multiple somatic embryos developed within 14 days of subculture to hormone-free B5 medium. Somatic embryos developed into microshoots which elongated when transferred to 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine plus 10% coconut water. The Kingtai-TDZ showed a high potency and suitability for use in M. volkensii tissue culture.
Highlights
Melia volkensii Gurke (Meliaceae: mahogany family) is a drought-tolerant, fast-growing multipurpose tree indigenous to the arid and semiarid lands (ASALs) of East Africa [1, 2]
The high frequency of callus induction on control media was unexpected. This suggests that endogenous levels of plant growth regulator (PGR) in mature zygotic embryos of M. volkensii may be adequate for callus induction
There are no previous reports on the effect of TDZ on callogenesis in the genus Melia as Vila et al [16, 17] attained direct somatic embryogenesis without an intervening callus phase from immature embryos of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) cultured on MS medium plus 0.45 or 4.54 μM TDZ
Summary
Melia volkensii Gurke (Meliaceae: mahogany family) is a drought-tolerant, fast-growing multipurpose tree indigenous to the arid and semiarid lands (ASALs) of East Africa [1, 2]. Its other desirable properties include coppicing ability, termite-resistant wood, and suitability for dry land agroforestry and bee-keeping [3]. It can be cultivated commercially for valuable mahogany timber, insect repellants, and larvicidal and medicinal compounds [4, 5]. Propagation by stem cuttings is reported to be difficult [2, 12]. In view of these difficulties, there is need for tissue culture protocols for mass propagation and wider dissemination of the species
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