High-frequency miniprobes and 3-dimensional EUS for preoperative evaluation of the etiology of congenital esophageal stenosis in children (with video)

Abstract

Esophageal stenosis in children is most commonly acquired (95%) but can be congenital (5%) as well.1 Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is a rare condition thought to occur in 1 per 25,000 to 50,000 live births.2 The malformations that cause the stenosis can be divided into 3 categories: tracheobronchial remnants (TBRs), a membranous diaphragm, and fibromuscular stenosis.3 A preoperative diagnosis is very difficult to make because TBRs are not visible on a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging, and the ideal therapeutic strategy remains controversial.