Abstract
Backscattering measurements at several shallow water ocean sites showed scattering strength to be approximately independent of frequency over the range 20–85 kHz. A grazing angle interval of 10° to 40° was covered at most sites, but the larger interval of 5° to 90° was covered at selected sites. At a grazing angle of 20°, sites with compositions ranging from sandy silt to coarse sand exhibited similar scattering strengths, in the range −25 to −30 dB. Gravel and rock bottoms had considerably higher scattering strengths. Data on sediment grain size and core sample acoustic properties have been provided for several sites by E. L. Hamilton of the Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego. Stereophotographic roughness data are available for sites near the United Kingdom, and small‐scale roughness data and in‐situ sediment acoustic data are available for some of the US sites [Y. Igarashi and R. L. Allman, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. I 72, S36, S98 (1982)]. [D. R. Jackson's work supported by NAVSEA.]
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