Abstract
Populus nigra L. is one of the most important male genetic donors in populus genetic improvement and tree breeding over the world. Many excellent Populus nigra clones are identified as triploids potentially obtaining by hybridization of 2n pollen and normal oogamete. This study revealed the cytological mechanism of 2n pollen formation in Populus nigra L. for the first time and concluded the best treated combination of colchicine treatment, which obtained 2n pollen with the highest rate reaching at 87.11% (even 100% 2n pollen in some floral buds) which made the polyploid hybridization utilizing 2n pollen in section Aigeiros possible.
 
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 In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Highlights
Polyploidy is an intriguing phenomenon that is regarded as an important mechanism of speciation and adaptation in plants (Otto and Whitton, 2000)
Pollen observation and statistics of 2n pollen rate pollen mother cells (PMCs) entered pachytene stage at 15:00 in the 6th day after branches started to water cultivate
Colchicine is known as an alkaloid extracted from Colchicum autumnale L. that influence the organization of the cytoskeletal network via interactions with its tubular structures (Jordan and Wilson, 1999)
Summary
Polyploidy is an intriguing phenomenon that is regarded as an important mechanism of speciation and adaptation in plants (Otto and Whitton, 2000). A polyploid is an organism that contains more than two complete sets of chromosomes It commonly arises from mitotic or meiotic misdivisions by nondisjunction of chromosomes. Polyploids differ from their diploid progenitors in morphological, ecological, physiological and cytological characteristics. Gametes with somatic chromosome numbers referred to as 2n gametes or (numerically) unreduced gametes are considered the driving force behind the formation of polyploids in nature (Bretagnolle and Thompson, 1995; Otto and Whitton, 2000). Plant breeders have become interested in the practical use of 2n gametes in breeding program due to the new tools available for 2n gamete manipulation and insights into the genetic background of their formation (Dewitte et al, 2012)
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