High extraction efficiency solid-phase microextraction fibers coated with open crown ether stationary phase using sol–gel technique

Abstract

In this paper, the open crown ether α, ω-diallyltriethylene glycol/hydroxyl-terminated silicone oil was used as stationary phases with the aid of vinyltriethoxylsilane as bridge in solid-phase microextraction using sol–gel-coating method and cross-linking technology. It has high extraction efficiency for both polar and non-polar analytes in comparison with poly(dimethylsiloxane) and carbowax–divinylbenzene-coated fiber. Limits of detection of the polar compound phenols are from 0.32 to 2.6 ng ml −1 and the precisions are from 2.5 to 3.5% ( n=5), while the limits of detection of the non-polar benzene, toluene and xylenes are 0.03–0.3 ng ml −1 and the relative standard deviation ( n=5) is found to be 2.1–5.2%. The novel coating proved to be very stable at high temperature by investigating it with the extraction of high-boiling compound phthalate esters.