Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that high Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) level is closely associated with the development, progression, and poor prognosis of a variety of tumors. However, the relationship between FOXC2 and the progression of human gliomas remains to be clarified. The aim of present study was to assess FOXC2 expression and to explore its contribution in human gliomas. Realtime quantitative PCR was performed to examine FOXC2 expression in 85 pairs of fresh frozen glioma tissues and corresponding non-neoplastic brain tissues. Associations of FOXC2 expression with clinicopathological factors and prognosis of glioma patients were statistically analyzed. The relative mRNA expression of FOXC2 was significantly higher in glioma tissues than the corresponding non-neoplastic brain tissues (p<0.001). In addition, high FOXC2 expression was significantly associated with advanced pathological grade (P=0.005) and the low Karnofsky performance score (KPS) (p=0.003), correlating with poor survival (p<0.001). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high FOXC2 expression was an independent predictor of overall survival (p=0.006). FOXC2 may act as an oncogenic gene and represent a potential regulator of aggressive development and a candidate prognostic marker in human gliomas.
Highlights
Human gliomas are the most common and aggressive form of primary brain tumors for both children and adults (Bansal et al, 2006; Meyer, 2008)
Overexpression of Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) in human glioma tissues To understand the expression of FOXC2 in the intratumor and peritumor tissues, we first examined the mRNA level of FOXC2 in 85 pairs of glioma and adjacent non-neoplastic brain tissues normalized to beta-actin by using real-time quantitative RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay
By using realtime PCR, we confirmed for the first time that the expression of FOXC2 was markedly unregulated in human glioma tissues compared with corresponding non-neoplastic brain tissues
Summary
Human gliomas are the most common and aggressive form of primary brain tumors for both children and adults (Bansal et al, 2006; Meyer, 2008). Increasing evidence has indicated that high Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) level is closely associated with the development, progression, and poor prognosis of a variety of tumors. Materials and Methods: Realtime quantitative PCR was performed to examine FOXC2 expression in 85 pairs of fresh frozen glioma tissues and corresponding non-neoplastic brain tissues. Associations of FOXC2 expression with clinicopathological factors and prognosis of glioma patients were statistically analyzed. Results: The relative mRNA expression of FOXC2 was significantly higher in glioma tissues than the corresponding non-neoplastic brain tissues (p
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